National Conference on Catechesis and Religious Education Conference Proceedings
The Publisher, Religious Educators Association of the Philippines, Inc., publishes annually the National Conference on Catechesis and Religious Education Conference Proceedings. The publication becomes available online and in print a week before the scheduled National Conference on Catechesis and Religious Education (NCCRE). It is available Open Access at the conference proceedings website, https://hitik-journal.reapph.org/NCCRE. Abstracts published in the National Conference on Catechesis and Religious Education Conference Proceedings came from the research papers presented in the national conference and were rigorously reviewed by different panel members/editors of the conference and of the association. The contents of the abstracts (and of the research presentations) represent neither the views of the National Conference on Catechesis and Religious Education Conference Proceedings, the Religious Educators Association of the Philippines, Inc., nor the editors/reviewers. Responsibility for opinions expressed and the accuracy of facts published in the articles rest solely on the authors. Similarly, any infringement or violation of the copyright concerning the photos posted is the authors’ sole responsibility. The Religious Educators Association of the Philippines (REAP) envisions an organized body of religious educators committed to improve themselves in order to proficiently embrace and fulfill their mission of proclaiming Christ to the least, the lost and the last. REAP envisions religious educators who are: perceptive and adept in answering the needs of 21st-century learners. responsive in answering the current social, ecological, economic and political issues by putting God’s Word into action. able to unleash the potentials of their students to create positive change. competent in transforming the lives of their students and forming future leaders in faith, with zeal for service and through communion in mission.
Religious Educators Association of the Philippines, Inc.
Liminality, Communitas and the Black Nazarene Devotion in the Philippines
The devotion to the Black Nazarene in the Philippines has been a subject of debate, with some questioning whether it is fanaticism or true devotion. While it is deeply rooted in Filipino culture and has significant religious and cultural importance, some have raised concerns about some practices associated with the devotion such as the frenzied desire of its devotees to touch its image and the pushing and jostling during its annual procession. However, a number of religious leaders and scholars contend that it is a genuine expression of faith and devotion. It is within this sphere of the Black Nazarene devotion in the Philippines where this paper aims to do an analysis using Victor Turner’s Liminality and Communitas. The first section maps out the terrain of the Black Nazarene devotion in the Philippines particularly the common practices of its devotees. The second section explores its historical foundations while the third and fourth sections investigate the dynamics of the Black Nazarene devotion using Victor Turner’s Liminality and Communitas which underline the devotion’s influence on social structure and processes, as well as its role in shaping social identity and fostering a sense of community among its devotees.
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Interfaith Education Within Religious Education: Assessing Trends, Challenges and Pedagogical Approaches
This research explores the possibilities for inclusion of interfaith education and practices within religious education curriculum in selected Catholic schools in Manila by reviewing trends, challenges and pedagogical approaches employed by teachers in participating schools. This descriptive study reviews relevant literature to determine patterns and challenges towards its inclusion. Additional data is derived from CL teacher participants to understand pedagogical challenges in the inclusion of interfaith practice in the curriculum. Our literature review will be complemented by interview and FGD data taken from teacher participants which shall be content analyzed. This research is relevant for contemporary religious education considering the growing diversity that has taken place in Philippine society today.
Filipino Students’ Attitudes towards Religion: Basis for Program Enrichment
The attitude towards religion in the Philippines shows that students have different ideas and appreciation of religion, morals, and spirituality. This led to encouraging religious educators to understand more how the Filipino youth view religiosity and spirituality. This study targeted the tripartite dimensions which focuses on the (1) identity, which looks on one’s attitude towards being identified with God and a religious institution; the (2) spirituality, which evaluates one’s affective sentiments towards God, or one’s emotional disposition towards God, the (3) religiosity, which touches one’s response towards religion in the personal, moral, and social order. Students' attitude towards religion will be quantified using three dimensions and qualify through data analysis. The study was conducted in four big schools in Pampanga. Two of which offer religious education programs, others don’t offer the program. This study used the Filipino Student’s Attitudes towards Religion of Rito Baring for the quantitative part followed by the thematic analysis for the qualitative part. Students' attitudes towards religion supported through religious activities in the learning environment and community have positive results in their behavior. An enrichment program coined as Pamilya, Paaralan, and Simbahan is enhanced which focuses on the spiritual and religious aspects of students in terms of cognitive, affective and behavioral to fortify and deepen the holistic well-being of students.
Beliefs in God(s) can be noticed with the emergence of different world religions that lists an estimated 5.37 billion followers. Non-religious groups including Atheists co-exist with them. But the question remains as to why and what really influenced them to disassociate from their religion or refused to believe in God’s existence. The Purpose of this qualitative inquiry is to explore the themes behind the lived-experiences of Young Adult atheists representing their reasons for unbelief in a divine being. This phenomenological study reviews the narratives of five college student participants who acknowledge being atheists using snowball sampling. Qualitative data is drawn through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Moustakas’ approach. Various themes and five eidetic insights were extracted from content analysis. By digging into the lived-experiences of the respondents it can provide everyone a new way of looking at atheism among the young adults.
The Spiritual Growth and Personal Values of Generation Z College Students
Spiritual Growth and Personal Values of an individual are essential in the development of a person. Generation Z nowadays are digital natives which affects their spirituality and values. In this study, its aimed is to examine the relationship between the spiritual growth and personal values among Generation Z college students in one of the universities in Pampanga, Philippines. There were 411 random students examined from different colleges. The data from total of 411 respondents were examined for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Students’ spiritual growth have a significant relationship with their personal values. The findings underscore the need to acknowledge the intricate relationship between spirituality and values in this generation, and the potential role of higher education institutions in shaping their ethical and moral frameworks. As Gen Z continues to navigate the complexities of the modern world, it is imperative to support their spiritual development and the cultivation of values that promote a just and compassionate society. The finding of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between the spiritual growth and their personal values of the respondents since they are correlated with one another. It shows that there is an effect in terms of the development of the two. With this, conclusion and recommendation were driven out for future research.
Rethinking Religious Instruction: An Analysis of Backward Design Strategies for Generation Z Learners
This study analyses the use of Backward Design Method in religious education teaching. Inspired by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe’s Understanding by Design and L. Dee Fink’s Creating Significant Learning Experiences, Backward design urges educators to rethink teaching and learning. The research aims to find patterns and specific methods of the teachers’ application of differentiating Backward Design approach for religious teaching. This study aims to offer deep insights into educators using Backward Design in the context of religious education. The analysis of the collected data is concerned with the effectiveness of using the Backward Design Method to meet religious education’s specific learning goals, generation z students' involvement, and promotion of critical thinking. The anticipated outcomes include an understanding of how Backward Design is applied in religious education, the challenges faced by educators, and the perceived impact on student learning outcomes. Findings will contribute to the ongoing discourse on pedagogical practices in religious education specially for generation z learners and offer practical insights for educators seeking to enhance their instructional strategies.
The Philippines, a linguistic treasure trove, is home to over a hundred distinct languages. This linguistic diversity is a testament to the existence of at least 100 unique cultures, each with its own rich tapestry of traditions and customs. It’s a fascinating fact that often goes unnoticed - when we engage with speakers of different languages, we are, in essence, stepping into their unique cultural landscapes. To effectively convey our thoughts, emotions, and beliefs to individuals from diverse cultures, and to comprehend literature penned in a foreign language, such as English, we advocate for cultural exegesis. This approach employs the emic-etic perspective, catering to both the target culture and the source language. We conclude our presentation by delving into Nida and Taber’s enlightening insights on the dynamic interplay between source and receptor languages. Their perspectives serve as invaluable tools in the art of translation, enriching our understanding and enhancing our application of this intricate process.
Exploring J.L. Austin’s Ordinary Language Philosophy as a Method in Teaching Philosophy of Man to Senior High School Students
The Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum (K-12 program) in the Philippines offers a course on the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Offering such a course requires the recognition of its autonomy and authority. Thus, one consideration in teaching Philosophy is that an ideal study situation requires the student to participate in the object-subject dialogue; philosophical studies are an active dialogue between the text and the subject (Morkuniene 2005). Students must be able to read and understand assigned readings and materials given by their teacher. Philosophy is challenged by the problem of language interpretation, as evident in the existence of debates regarding the proper use and analysis of language. Proper use of language is a necessary tool in the process of doing Philosophy. In line with this, senior high school students taking Philosophy of Man are not exempted from the ever-challenging Philosophical thoughts that is understood by following the strict observance of Philosophical language. In this sense, students are susceptible to a possible alienation from Philosophical ideas. The researchers seek to explore the possibility of imploring some basic tenets of J.L Austin’s Ordinary Language Philosophy in teaching Philosophy to Senior High School students. Austin’s method proposes the use of ordinary or non-philosophical words and context as an aid in doing Philosophy. This research will use a meta-analysis of existing content analysis of sources using Ordinary Language Philosophy. Through this, students might be able to have a clearer understanding of the Philosophical ideas presented in their course.
Cultivating Collaboration: Empowering Religious Experience and Spirituality Course for Sustainable Learning Spaces
This study investigates the cultivation of collaborative ability among students enrolled in the Religious Experience and Spirituality Course (REEXECO) at De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde, emphasizing Cognitive and Metacognitive, Social-Emotional, and Practical Skills. Using the Satisfaction Rate Calculation method, it assesses students&#39; satisfaction with eight key abilities, including critical thinking, problem-solving, decision-making, creativity, communication, collaboration, adaptability, and information literacy. Findings from 109 completed questionnaires during the first term of the 2023-2024 academic year highlight collaboration&#39;s significant role in both academic success and personal growth. The study aims to cultivate a collaborative learning environment and enhance collaborative ability, aligning with the objective of prioritizing collaboration for sustainable learning spaces. Consequently, it contributes significantly to shaping an educational landscape that promotes collaboration for academic success and personal development.
The Role of Catholic Life Formation in Fostering Sustainable Environmental Attitudes among Selected Filipino SHS Students
A relevant Religious Education needs to confront the life-threatening global issues humanity faces today. The present study investigates how Catholic Life Formation (CLF) through religious instruction may predict environmental attitudes among students in Cebu City, Philippines. This study analyzes how the following variables may influence Christian environmentalism: students’ reception of CLF inputs, Catholic Social Teachings (CST) perceptions, and students’ beliefs and environmental responses (STB) from a sample of 491 Grade 12 SH students of a private university in Cebu, Philippines. This descriptive quantitative survey used ordinal logistic regression to test our model. We adopted a two-step procedure to gather data: First, an open-ended interview was used to tease the themes and viewpoints of students. Second, incorporating the qualitative output from the interviews, a survey was conducted using a researcher-made self-report paired with the Christian Environmentalism Scale (CES) to describe student attitudes toward the environment. The findings are discussed with respect to Religious Education and CLF environmental advocacy. [published: Villacrucis et al. 2024. The Role of Catholic Life Formation in Fostering Sustainable Environmental Attitudes among Selected Filipino SHS Students. Religions 15, 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15030287 ]
Synodality and the Church of the Poor: Analyzing a Local Church Walking with its People through Pastoral Actions
Throughout the ministry of Christ, he was described to be walking with His people. Currently, the Church as a sacrament of God’s presence in the world continuously aspires to walk with God’s people. Staying true to this calling, Pope Francis invited the entire Church to enter into a Synod on Synodality. The Holy Father invites the entire Church to journey and reflect together so as to discover processes that can help to live in communion, achieve participation and be open to its mission. This paper aims to analyze how the Church can become a real Church of the Poor through its pastoral care plans and actions. To serve as the main framework of this research, the researcher decided to use the “See-Discern-Act Framework”. Regarding the “See” part, this paper will look into the current perspective and status of the faithful towards their local Church as reflected in the data of the Synthesis Report on Synodality of the Archdiocese of San Fernando and by looking into the responses of the members of a local church regarding their experience of their parish’s pandemic pastoral program. For the “Discern” part, this paper will use various Church documents that address concerns regarding Synodality, Church of the Poor and Pastoral Ministry. Lastly, for the “Act” part, this paper will try to propose possible Pastoral programs that can help the Archdiocese of San Fernando in pursuing the next steps of their mission in Synodality–doing follow through to the products of their Synthesis Report on Synodality.
Exploring the Religious Involvement of a Catholic University’s Partner Community towards the Development of a Christian Formation Program
Faith provides individuals with a sense of purpose, hope, and guidance in facing life’s challenges. Religious involvement plays a crucial role in strengthening and deepening one’s faith. Thus, this would lead to a solution for the catholic schools to address social issues in rural areas. The aim of this study is to determine the religious involvement [attendance to religious services, scripture-reading, and faith] status of the residents, particularly the head of each family of Sitio Cannamman, San Antonio, Enrile, Cagayan. The study will employ mixed method of research-employing both quantitative and qualitative type of research. Specifically, descriptive developmental and evaluative research design will be utilized anchored with the “See, Discern, Act / See, Judge, Act” process. The findings of the study will serve as the foundation for the development of a service-learning program tailored to the unique needs of residents. A service -learning program that will be utilized is the Project C.H.U.R.C.H. (Community building and Helping one another in prayer, Religious in action and Caring for a beautiful Home). This focuses on deepening the religious involvement in the church by knowing the role and importance of each member in the community.
Honoring Thy Parents: Analyzing Students’ Perspectives of Caring for their Aging Parents using Amoris Laetitia
The existence of elderly care facilities in the country reflects a reality about the perspective of children regarding the care of their aging parents. In modern society, some old people who can no longer provide for their families, or for themselves, are seen as burdens and additional mouths to feed. Later on in their lives, they are just sent in elderly care facilities by their children who cannot take care of them. In line with this pressing concern, this qualitative research will implore semi-structured interviews in order to discover students’ understanding of the fourth commandment and their perspective about caring for their aging parents. The data collected will be analyzed using the apostolic exhortation “Amoris Laetitia”, supported by other catholic documents that deal with care for the elderly. This will be done in order to see how the Church addresses this issue concerning its members. Perhaps through the findings of this research, the Church may be able to help in addressing such concern.
A Descriptive Study of the UST-EHS Students’ Attitudes towards the Sacrament of Reconciliation: Implications for Grade 9 CLE
Through God's love and forgiveness, the Sacrament of Reconciliation brings about a transformation of the heart. It is a sacrament instituted by Jesus Christ in his love and mercy to forgive sinners. In turn, this sacrament helps people develop a personal relationship with Jesus. However, the Sacrament of Reconciliation is in crisis, and there is a decline in receiving it, especially among young people. Filipinos are commonly observed as “sacramentalized” but do not develop a deep understanding of religion or apply the teachings of the Church in their personal lives. This can be further explained through the Cognitive Dissonance Theory, where inconsistencies between beliefs and actions are said to cause cognitive discomfort. One way to address this problem is through Religious Education, which is considered to be a significant process for instilling in children the importance of engaging in and realizing the significance of the sacraments. With that, this ongoing study aims to determine the attitudes of the Grade 10 UST Education High School (UST-EHS) students towards the Sacrament of Reconciliation, specifically by identifying if there are inconsistencies between their beliefs and actions regarding the sacrament through administering a restricted response and open-ended essays. The results of the study will be used to enhance the Grade 9 Christian Living Education (CLE) lesson about the sacrament. This will be done by utilizing the students’ answers as a basis to gain a grasp on the factors, such as the lesson plans’ contents, that led them to have these attitudes toward the sacrament.
Behold your Mother: The Perceptions of the UST-EHS Students of Mary as Theotokos, towards developing Specialized supplementary Lessons for Christian Living Education
The Blessed Virgin Mary, whose role in the Christian faith is placed on high esteem is deemed essential in one’s profession of faith. Religious Education integrates the Blessed Virgin Mary as a content of its curriculum and instruction. To provide sound integration of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Religious Education, this study aims to investigate the students' perception of the UST-EHS to Mary as Theotokos and the factors that affect it through grounding the study in Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory's observational learning. The researchers will investigate how Religious Education serve as an effective factor in forming their perception of the Motherhood of Mary. This research will employ a qualitative survey design through focus group discussion with students of the UST-EHS where findings of this study will lead to the development of a specialized supplementary lessons of the Christian Living Education of the UST-EHS per year level.
EDGE Approach: A Proposed Methodology to Teach Theology for SHS Learners in Catholic Schools
Theology subjects serve as a special institutional subject for every Catholic school. This is the edge of a Catholic institution wherein it functions as an effective evangelizer to the youth. The congregation for Catholic Education (CCE) challenges Catholic schools to respond into this mission. Therefore, this work aims to propose an effective pedagogy to efficiently fulfill such mission to the learners. More so, it also offers a holistic approach that can be used by the Theology facilitators. EDGE stands for E-ncounter (Deal with the status quo), D-etermine (Engage with the Christian teachings and other Disciplines), G-enerate (Execute Actions), E-xult (Pray and Celebrate). With this flow of discussion, learners are expected to transcend from a speculative armchair knowledge progressing towards a more meaningful and an active participation not just inside the classroom but most essentially, to the Church and society as well. Coincides with this approach is the application and consideration of these methodologies cited on the National Catechetical Directory of the Philippines (NCDP) identified as Integration, Inculturation, and Community-forming. The proposed pedagogy exemplified the relevance of such which brings a clearer lens of understanding, participation, and an active response from the learners.
Proposing Mental Health Awareness Inputs for Marital Relations
One of the seven sacraments which arises from the ministry of Christ and continued by the Catholic Church is the Sacrament of Matrimony. Given that Matrimony is a sacrament, the Church recognizes the importance of protecting its binding effect in couples (unitive) and continuation of God’s vocation in human life (procreative). Still, the Church does not discredit the factors surrounding and affecting the integrity of the marriage of Catholic couples. It is aware of all the challenges that are faced by every couple that most often leads to their separation, annulment, or divorce. It is in this regard that this research explores the possibility of giving emphasis on the necessity of mental health awareness in Catholic marriage. It is not enough that couples are in love. It is equally important that they are aware of each other's mental state. In order to explore the possible benefits of mental health awareness in strengthening relationships, this research will do a review of related literature that tackles Common Mental Health Issues that Married People Experience and their Possible Causes and the perspective of Catechism of the Catholic Church on Marriage. Through these various related literatures, the researchers will do a metasynthesis in order to see how mental health awareness might strengthen the credibility of marriage of Catholic couples.
From See-Experience to Committed Action: a Christian Living and Values Education Integration
Integration can be described as a process of making something whole or uniting separate things. Undeniably, educational institutions contribute to the development of socially conscious citizens. The teachers helped enrich pupils’ understanding of their social responsibilities and abilities. Given the present implementation of the Lasallian Reflection Framework (LRF) in the conduct of the development of course materials, the researcher explores the integration of LRF into the course Christian Living and Values Education (CLVE) under the Senior High School CL curriculum. Through this exploration the researcher investigate how might students develop skills towards committed action. Following a descriptive design, this paper examines the online survey responses of the 2,520 Grade 11 and Grade 12 students of DLSU-IS SHS both from Manila and Laguna campuses in relation to the integration of the phases of Lasallian Reflection Framework (LRF): see-experience (masid-danas), analysis-reflection (suri-nilay), committed to action (taya-kilos) These perceived responses will be further analyzed in terms of its influence towards social responsibility. The researcher sought the permission from the CLVE Research Team, to utilize a 10-item validated researcher made questionnaire in the conduct of this study. The data was generated and analyzed by applying the Jamovi software. The main implication of this study is that this study provides additional insights on how LRF contributed to the skill acquisitions towards a more committed-action.
Senior High School Students’ Perceptions on Teacher Accompaniment in the Post-Pandemic Philippine Setting
The post pandemic era has introduced unique challenges and opportunities that influence the dynamics of the student-teacher relationship. Using the phenomenological approach, this paper aims to examine a total of 1449 Grade 11 and Grade 12 students of DLSU-IS SHS in terms of their perceptions of their teachers’ accompaniment from the Christian Living and Values Education Area in the post pandemic situation. Following the scholarly consensus citing how teacher support is essential to the achievement of student outcomes, the researchers explore The Teacher Accompaniment Scale (TAS), a tool developed by Baring, et. al (2020) to measure the quality of support in terms of four dimensions: emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal. TAS is a novel approach to college education, particularly in the Philippines and Southeast Asia, where no equivalent assessment has been attempted. The researchers found interest in this developed tool by applying it in the post pandemic setting and at the same time an attempt to respond to the suggested further validation of TAS in other regional settings. The TAS was applied to Senior High School students, where the researchers correlated the results according to various strands or tracks namely, Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), Arts and Design ADT), Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM), and Sports Track (SpT). The descriptive results generated by the Jamovi software presented a positive correlation across all strands/tracks. A further qualitative inquiry also had positive results in relation to students’ teacher accompaniment experiences and ways of accompaniment. This study suggested possible interventions in the dimensions that need improvement.
Theo-ethical literacy on ‘social structures’: reading “water is life” and online news on Philippine Watersheds
The paper aims for theo-ethical literacy on the concept of ‘social structures’ vis-à-vis the issue of water as intimated in the 2000 CBCP pastoral letter “Water Is Life”. The document will be ‘re-read’ using Daniel Daly’s reconfigured ‘social structure’. Alongside this theo-ethical re-reading, the paper will delve into online news on Philippine watersheds the past three (3) years, in particular on three (3) select river basins in the country representing Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, and how ‘social structures’ are enmeshed in its public discourses. Select cases and its ethical presuppositions on ‘social structures’ will be considered through Daniel Daly’s distinction between virtuous and vicious structures.
Lasallian Formation and the Attention Economy: Exploring Facilitators’ Approaches in Optimizing Students’ active participation during retreats and Recollections
The research will explore Lasallian formation (LASARE) facilitators’ practices and approaches in optimizing students’ active participation during face-to-face retreats and recollections, the methods they find effective or otherwise within the spectrum of students’ responsiveness and the said activities’ enhancement. The research will be conducted within the global backdrop of attention economy and its challenging demands to spiritual formation. It will explore how facilitators adapt to participants’ short attention spans, information overload, tendentious incessant gadget use, or consumption of digital data non-relevant to the activities. The research hopes to address the implications of the attention economy on the design and execution of retreats and recollections, emphasizing the need for methodologies that resonate with students as well as enhance formation programs. It will employ both quantitative and qualitative method in data gathering and analysis.
Rethinking the Virtue of Obedience: Do I follow or Not?
This research paper discusses the virtue of obedience in the context of teaching theology and student formation and discipline. In this era when traditional perspectives are challenged by the changes and transformations in teaching frameworks, the practice of traditional obedience among students is given the least priority and often disregarded in favor of free learning. Since time immemorial, the virtue of obedience is considered as the cornerstone of moral and spiritual growth especially in theological education. However, this paper seeks to reflect on the virtue of obedience in the context of modern educational pedagogy. Obedience as a stand-alone virtue may hinder critical thinking, discernment, and understanding among learners. This paper seeks to bridge the gap between the essence of practicing obedience and progressive learning. It shall look closely at the framework of theological study amidst the modern teaching approach to enable the academic community to foster academic freedom in order to discover true theological understanding. Finally, as this paper delves into theological literature, modern teaching approaches, and actual practices in the academic community, this paper shall answer the relevance of obedience and propose alternative teaching strategies that will nurture growth in theological studies.
Teacher Perceptions about the Significance of Service Learning in Religious Education
A Catholic University pursues its objectives through the formation of an authentic human community animated by the spirit of Christ (Ex Corde Ecclesiae 21). Every Catholic university is an extension of the missionary spirit of the Holy Mother Church that adheres to the principles and customs of Catholic values and doctrines, integrating them into its educational programs, curriculum, and campus life. The Catholic identity of a university is demonstrated via its dedication to inculcating faith, nurturing spiritual development, and social accountability among the learners. In this endeavor, De La Salle University, through its Service-Learning, advocates integral human development. The Principles of Lasallian Education in the Philippines, the university is committed to the holistic, integral human and Christian development of the students through engaging them in social action, community building, and faith formation programs. This study examines the viewpoints of educators regarding the influence of Service Learning on academic instruction in Religious Education, with the aim of enhancing the curriculum of Christian Living courses in the Philippines. The paper will utilize a Descriptive-Qualitative methodology to explore many potential ways of approaching and enhancing Religious Education. In this regard, this research paper will offer contemplation and insight into proposals for local strategies to revitalize Religious Education instruction.
The Church from the ‘Center’ to the Peripheries: A Decolonial Approach in the Synod on Synodality
The Synod on Synodality (2021-2024) challenges the Eurocentric and colonial entanglements within the Roman Catholic Church. This qualitative study engages with the evolving paradigm of ecclesial praxis, particularly within the context of the Synod on Synodality, through a decolonial lens. Drawing upon critical theological frameworks and decolonial discourse, the research explores the paradigm shifts that characterize the Synod on Synodality within the Roman Catholic Church: from hierarchical to peripheries; from majority to minority; from exclusivism to inclusivism and pluralism; from maintenance to mission; from institution to movement. Through a nuanced analysis of the historical and systemic manifestations of coloniality within the Church, this study investigates the possibilities and challenges inherent in the process of decolonization. The interrogating power dynamics, hegemonic structures, and epistemological frameworks embedded within ecclesial structures provide pathways for implementing a synodal synthesis. Furthermore, the study proposes practical theological strategies for decentering dominant narratives and facilitating transformative praxis towards a just and inclusive Church. The findings of this research contribute to the literature on theological discourse on decolonization and synodality, offering insights and recommendations for a renewed Roman Catholic Church in a diverse and interconnected world.
Volunteerism in Schools and its Impact on Spiritual Formation
This study explores the relationship between volunteerism in Catholic schools and the effect on the student’s spiritual growth. It will examine the types of volunteer activities, their motivations behind participation and joining their ministry, and their long-term effects after graduating and as professionals. This paper highlights the transformative power of service in Catholic educational settings. It also explores how volunteerism fosters compassion and empathy for others, deepening the student’s understanding of their faith and strengthening their commitment to living out its teaching of their school’s core values. This study employs surveys, interviews, and case studies to analyze their perspective and personal experiences and to identify patterns, challenges, and positive outcomes in integrating service into the spiritual formation curriculum. This study will emphasize the importance of service as a core component of Catholic identity. It recognizes the interconnectedness between service, faith, and character formation, promoting a holistic approach through education. By examining the impact of service on spiritual development, educators can tailor their curriculum to cultivate empathy, compassion, and social responsibility in students. By incorporating volunteerism into the spiritual formation curriculum, Catholic schools can create a learning environment that encourages students to live out their faith through service, fostering a well-rounded individual committed to making a positive difference. This approach to spiritual formation aligns with the core values of Catholic education, which emphasize the importance of service and social justice. By integrating volunteerism into the curriculum, students can actively engage with their communities and develop a deep empathy towards others.
A Comparative Study of Grade 12 Students’ Attitudes towards Religion in Formal and non-Formal Catholic Education settings in a Cebu-based Catholic University
This study presented a comparison of the Grade 12 students’ attitude towards religion and frequency of attending the Holy Mass based on the respondents’ type of Junior High School in a Cebu-based Catholic University. It is imperative to nurture the faith of the young especially through an encounter with the real presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist. A Descriptive Quantitative Survey using the measure on religion (Baring, et al) was given to the target respondents (G12 Catholics, at least 18 years of age). It was found out that 56% of the Grade 12 respondents were SOMETIMES attending the Holy Mass. On the other hand, 46% of them are ALWAYS praying. There was a significant relationship between the Grade 12 students’ attitude towards Religion and the frequency of attending Holy Mass, though the Pearson correlation value indicated a weak connection. How can this devotion to the highest form of prayer, the Holy Eucharist, be nurtured, sustained, and developed in the hearts of the youth today? This remains a challenge to the researcher in the next step of further studies she needs to delve into in.
Meanings of Work and Workplace: Attributes of Teacher Spirituality in Public Schools
Filipino public-school teachers in the Basic Education curriculum are overburdened with workloads at school due to large student-to-teacher ratio and extended work schedules. This situation leaves public school teachers vulnerable psychologically and physically to challenging conditions of work. How do teachers live in this challenging context? And how do they make sense of this work challenge spiritually? The present study describes the attributes of teacher spirituality from the meanings they attach to work and workplaces in the Basic Education curriculum in Benguet, Northern Philippines. Qualitative data is culled from teacher reflections provided in a workshop on teacher spirituality and content is analyzed to draw the qualitative attributes of teacher spirituality. Implications of these spiritual attributes are discussed given the challenges of the Philippine Public school system.
Tricycle Drivers’ Attitudes towards Eucharistic Attendance in two selected Parish Churches: A Qualitative Analysis of their Reasons
The Eucharist for Filipino Christians is a source of Unity in Christian life. In the Philippines, Filipinos used to attend masses together with their family. There were some anecdotes from some tricycle drivers that a factor in their non-participation in the Eucharist is not entirely due to their lack of faith but due to a language barrier. This research aims to explore the behavior of tricycle drivers from Barangay San Vicente and Barangay Krus na Ligas, Quezon City, Philippines who attend and do not attend masses due to language barriers in their parish. Specifically, the study will focus on the attitude of the tricycle drivers toward the mass, the affective aspect of the attitude, and their behavior. The study will be conducted in two selected parishes, Holy Cross Parish and Immaculate Heart of Mary Parish, in the Diocese of Cubao, Philippines, where tricycle drivers are a significant part of the community. Interviews and focus group discussions with tricycle drivers will be conducted to gather their perspectives on the language barrier and its impact on their religious practices. The study will also explore possible solutions to address the language barrier and promote language reappropriation among tricycle drivers. The research will be beneficial to the parish community, tricycle drivers, and other stakeholders interested in promoting language reappropriation and cultural understanding. Recommendations will include implementing basic language seminars, introducing mobile translation services, and engaging in community initiatives, among others.
The Relationship of Gender, Academic Strand, Religious Affiliation and Religious Attitudes of Senior High School Students of Columban College- Barreto Inc.
In previous studies, religious Attitudes is known to vary between male and female. And in some instances, there are general variations in the religious attitudes of students based on their academic field preferences. In the Philippines, however, more data is needed about certain religious attitudes of Senior high students due to the transitional nature of their developmental stage viewed by experts as a fluid impression of religious views. We wish to fill this gap by analyzing the character of their developing religious mindset. Hence this paper seeks to find out the relationship between gender, academic strand, religious affiliation, and religious attitudes of Senior High student informants using a correlation design. Using a stratified random sampling technique, selected informants from the Senior High department are surveyed using the validated Religion scale (Baring et al., 2018) in addition to their demographic profile: Gender, religious affiliation, and academic strand. The results are analyzed in view of its implications to religious beliefs and academic program preferences, gender preference, and efforts towards an inclusive academic program.
Exploring the Relationship between Gender-based Environmental Faith-commitment, Academic program, and Religious Attitudes from a Sample of College Students
Catholic education shares in the evangelizing mission of the Church. This is done through the faith formation of young students. The Framework for Student Faith Formation in Catholic Schools sees the need for faith to dialogue with life issues like ecology. Current literature on ecology is mostly concerned with developmental issues in macro levels. Religious communities are only beginning to make sense of the impact of ecological crises lately. In the country, there is a need to bring ecological discussions that account for college-level appreciation of the environment concerning faith. The present study wants to know if gender preference, religious affiliation, and academic program may differ in terms of perceived faith -commitments towards the environment among selected college students in central Luzon. Secondly, it wants to know how gender responses, religious affiliation, and college academic programs may differ in terms of their religious attitudes. This descriptive quantitative survey will have college students selected through random sampling from the College of Arts and Sciences and Education, Computer Science, Business Administration, Nursing, Engineering and Architecture. To analyze data, ANOVA will be done to know how the informants may differ in their perceived faith-inspired environmental responses and religious attitudes based on their gender, religious affiliation, and academic strand. The results offer insights into the characteristics of college students' perceptions of faith to the environment. Further, the implications of the results are discussed concerning current efforts of the school to adopt gender and ecologically-sensitive academic programs.
Item Analysis of Written Assessments in Christian Living Extracted from LMS
The full utilization of Animospace as a Learning Management System in DLSU-Integrated School has provided teachers and students a platform to enhance teaching-learning encounters. An added feature of the LMS is Quiz Statistics, which provides data analytics of the student’s performance in assessments. This paper will maximize data from the LMS to analyze the students’ performance in the Multiple-Choice Questions administered online. This attempt will provide insight into the improvement of test construction and its alignment with the ongoing curriculum enhancement in the Christian Living Area. Data will include standard deviation and discrimination indexes from two 30-point quizzes I gave to 2 CL classes I handled for this second AY 2023-24 term.
Remaining in the Faith: The Role of the Christian Faith Education Program in a Catholic Institution
The Christian Faith Education (CFEd) program of the University of Saint Louis (USL), Tuguegarao City, assumes responsibility on the spiritual growth and moral development of the students. Thus, from pre-school to tertiary education, a CFEd subject is being given to every pupil and student. Since these CFEd subjects are not intended to be academic subjects in an academic institution, it becomes imperative to assess their effects especially on the graduating college students. An open-ended question was given to randomly selected students of CFED 1081 from all departments for the School Year 2023-2024, and answers were treated thematically. All answers, regardless of its frequency of occurrence, were included and interpreted. Varied effects, ranging from the physical to the spiritual, were revealed from this exploration, notwithstanding the issues of the informants about enrolling the subjects. Results were further studied for its implications about the delivery of the CFEd subjects, so that it remains responsive to the spiritual and moral development needs of the students, who are aimed to be empowered to engage critically with their faith.
Spiral Approach in Teaching Christian Morality and Virtue Formation: Restoring Values and Ethical Awareness in the Curriculum
In the K to 12 Curriculum of the Department of Education, a pedagogical strategy known as the spiral approach has been implemented. This approach entails revisiting foundational concepts and themes throughout the curriculum, progressively advancing in complexity and depth with each iteration, reinforcing prior learning. It contrasts a linear curriculum design, where topics are sequenced based on learners’ mastery levels. Similarly, within the realm of Catechesis, the spiral approach is employed, albeit often implicitly. While some aspects still adhere to a linear progression, specific subjects, such as Christian Morality and Virtue Formation, are situated within the curriculum based on learners’ cognitive readiness to grasp associated concepts and principles. This paper seeks to propose a spiral approach to teaching Christian Morality and Virtue Formation from Kindergarten to Senior High School, recognizing the imperative of reinstating values and ethics education, particularly considering recent societal challenges such as the pandemic-induced isolation experienced by youth. Implementing a spiral approach to teaching Christian Morality and Virtue Formation necessitates careful consideration of foundational principles and concepts, ensuring their integration across appropriate developmental stages from Kindergarten to Senior High. Additionally, the paper outlines a sample curriculum guide to facilitate the realization of this proposal, thereby fostering the holistic development of learners’ moral and ethical reasoning within a Christian framework.
Enhancing Values Integration in Curriculum Planning: A Study of the 6 P’s Process in Selected Schools in Cebu
Values are ethical principles that a person struggles to realize and live (Esteban, 1990). Values Integration is a channel of values development through Curriculum Planning and the Teaching – Learning process. Values Integration is leading the students to see a personal meaning in whatever teachers teach in the classroom. It is a challenge on how teachers integrate values with subject matter content during class discussions. Thus, the study aims to guide teachers in integrating values in Curriculum Planning and in the teaching–learning process using the 6 P’s Framework namely: First: Purpose – is giving a clear idea of where you are leading the students to learn including the activities, tests, and values to be integrated. Second: Purge (unpack) – is putting together or merging competencies without sacrificing the content. Third: Plan – is based on clear competencies, activities, assessment, time allocation, and relevant and real-life ways founded on the Values. Fourth: Perform is considering the prior knowledge, systematic presentation and even change. Fifth: Parallelism – is a vital component of learning that would lead to a behavioral change in the students in their daily encounter with life. Sixth: Pause &amp; Prove is the ability to reflect and evaluate. A qualitative method will be used for data collection and analysis, while interviews and classroom observations will be used as major techniques for data collection. Findings show that teachers can identify the values to be integrated but are hesitant to apply them in the teaching-learning process. As a follow-up to the findings, it is recommended that teachers will follow the 3 TEA stages namely: Train – teachers will undergo lectures and discussions on the Core Values of the school, Enhance - teachers will be given time to practice the Process and Assess – teachers will have a chance to evaluate how they integrated values with the mentorship of their respective Supervisors or heads. These follow -up stages can be done during their Professional Learning Community sessions and INSET Trainings. This is fundamental because Values Integration is an essential component in the development of the character and identity of the students at the same time having a good grasp of the content being taught in the classroom.
Learner Development as Key Factor in Adherence to Philippine Catholic Schools Standards for Higher Education Institution
The idea of being helped more in one’s faith life has attracted both learners and parents to Catholic learning institutions, whereby students able to realize to life the lessons learned, lived the Catholic identity and become agents of evangelization and missionary works. Furthermore, stakeholders bank on the Catholic identity of these educational institutions to bring about formation and transformation in the learners. For Philippine Catholic universities, the Philippine Catholic Schools Standards for Higher Education Institutions serve as the benchmark for unlocking the Catholic identity of the learning entity. In this study, we surveyed seven hundred twelve (712) undergraduate students, employing descriptive and advanced statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a method used for exploratory analysis. Results revealed that learner development significantly influences the Catholic identity index of the institution. Specifically, students expressed a high perception of the university’s commitment to learner development standards, that is, curriculum, faculty, assessment, and linkages. This finding has implications for institutional strategies aiming to strengthen the Catholic identity of higher education institutions. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of learner development in shaping the Catholic identity of educational institutions.
What you see and What you Do not: Graduate Attributes’ Relevance and Manifestations
Graduate Attributes (GA) development in the academic arena is of great concern for schools and universities. Research shows that graduate attributes ensure the quality of education. Still, the sustainability of the manifestations of these attributes in the graduates needs to be clarified for others. This study employed a descriptive survey using online Google forms to assess the facts the graduates have learned from the school and whether they can practice these attributes in their workplace. A purposive one-on-one interview was conducted among the respondents to validate the result. The study showed that spiritual life formation and orientation to serve enabled the graduates to adapt and thrive in the workplace. This information will help the University revisit the curriculum and programs in augmenting the “Head”, “Heart” and “Hand” methods that are deeply rooted in the school’s mission-vision.
Levels of Awareness and Practice of Augustinian Values among Employees in OAR Schools in Cebu
The integration of values and the cultivation of awareness surrounding these values within institutional frameworks are pivotal in fostering employee dedication, particularly within the realm of education. Within schools under the umbrella of the Order of Augustinian Recollects (OAR), the foundational tenets of veritas (contemplation), unitas (community), and caritas (apostolic love) are deeply entrenched, reflecting the enduring ethos established by the institution’s founder. While religious emphasis may restrict global outreach and often overlook cultural variations in fostering employee dedication through values, education serves as a means to promote these values. Educational institutions bear a profound responsibility to facilitate employees’ recognition of the central role these values play in their professional and personal lives. Positioning itself as a preeminent center for Gospel-centered education and community engagement, the institution aspires to mold individuals into conscientious leaders through holistic development infused with Gospel values. The institution’s core values, encapsulated in the acronym INSPIRE, resonate with the timeless principles of the Augustinian Family (Veritas, Unitas, and Caritas). This descriptive-correlational study, employing surveys and custom-made instruments, seeks to explore potential correlations between levels of awareness, demographic factors among employees, and the actualization of typical Augustinian values within the teaching profession. The findings from this study will shed light on the levels of value awareness and extent of Augustinian value actualization within the teaching profession.
Pananaliksik sa Edukasyong Panrelihiyon Gamit ang Etnograpikong Pamamaraan: Isang Pagdadalumat
Ang salitang etnograpiko ay hango sa wikang Griyegong ethnos na tumutukoy sa pangkat ng mga tao o etniko at ang graphia naman ay nangangahulugang pagsusulat. Samakatuwid, ang pamamaraang ito ay naglalayong saliksikin at isulat ang buhay at pamumuhay ng isang pangkat etniko sa pamamagitan ng pakikipamuhay ng mananaliksik o fieldwork. Ang pamamaraang ito ay kadalasang ginagamit sa larangan ng agham panlipunan, partikular sa antropolohiya at sa ilang mga sangay ng sosyolohiya. Sa diwang ito, naisin ng mananaliksik na ilahad ang kaangkupan ng etnograpikong pamamaraan upang saliksikin ang mga paksang magkaugnayan sa Edukasyong Panrelihiyon at Teolohiya gaya ng mga ritwal o debosyon na itinuturing na mahalagang bahagi ng buhay ng mga tao. Papatunayan ng mananaliksik na hiyang at gamayang etnograpikong pamamaraan upang saliksikin ang mga paksang may kaugnayan sa relihiyon at pananampalataya ayon sa kanyang karanasan. Ilalahad din niya ang mga tukoy na pamamaraan ng etnograpikong pananaliksik gaya ng pagtatanung-tanong, pakikipagpalagayang-loob, pagmamasid, at pakikisangkot. Bilang diskurso, kasama ring ilalahad ang iba pang katutubong pamamaraan na angkop sa kalagayan at kamalayan ng mga Pilipino tulad ng ipinamalas ng mga eksperto gaya nina Dr. Prospero R. Covar at ang kanyang teoriya na ang pagkataong Pilipino ay maikukumpara sa isang banga na may labas, loob, at lalim; Dr. José M. De Mesa at ang kanyang pamamaraang kultural sa pagteteolohiya; Dr. Zeus A. Salazar at ang kanyang Pantayong Pananaw; at Dr. Teresita B. Obusan at ang kanyang pamamaraang hiyang.
Paniping Pagsusuri sa Pananaliksik ng Teolohiyang Pilipino: Kapantasan ni Karl Gaspar bilang kasong Pag-aaral
Isa sa mga landas na maaaring suungin tungo sa pagpapayabong ng kasaysayang kapantasan o kasaysayang intelektuwal ng anumang disiplina ay ang pagpaparami ng umiiral na eksposisyon ukol sa kaisipan ng mga pantas ng disiplinang iyon. Totoo rin ito sa kaso ng Teolohiyang Pilipino, isa sa mga kilusang Pilipinisasyon na umusbong noong 1970s (kaalinsabay ng mga “kapatid” nito tulad ng Pilosopiyang Pilipino, Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Pantayong Pananaw, at Pilipinolohiya). Sa pagsasagawa ng eksposisyon, isa sa mga pamamaraan na maaaring kasangkapin ay ang paniping pagsusuri (citation analysis). Bagaman hindi isang katutubong pamamaraan dahil galing sa Kanluran, malaki ang potensyal ng pamamaraang ito upang mas matasa ang katanggapan (reception), saysay, at bisa ng kapantasan ng isang intelektuwal sa konteksto ng kanyang akademikong komunidad. Kung tutuusin, hindi pa gaanong nagagalugad ang potensyalidad ng pamamaraang ito sa Teolohiyang Pilipino sa partikular, at kahit pa sa buong akademyang Pilipino sa kabuuan. Sa katunayan, kakaunti palang ang naglalapat ng paniping pagsusuri sa mga Pilipinong pantas. Isa sa kakarimpot na nagsagawa nito ay si Ramon Guillermo (2013), na ginawan ng paniping pagsusuri ang Contracting Colonialism ni Vicente Rafael. Upang ipamalas ang potensyal nito bilang metodo sa Teolohiyang Pilipino, susubukan ng presentasyon na ilapat ito sa kapantasan ni Karl M. Gaspar, na maituturing na isa sa pinakaprominenteng Pilipinong teologo. Kung tutuusin, marami na ring eksposisyong naisulat ukol sa samu’t saring aspekto ng kapantasan ni Gaspar: prekolonyal na espirituwalidad (Sadje 2020), paglubog sa katutubong komunidad (Maboloc 2021, 2022), pagiging dalubdula (Castrillo 1996, 1997a, 1997b), at kabuuang larawan ng kanyang kapantasan (Odchigue 2018). Sa kabila nito, wala pa ring umiiral sa kasalukuyan na isang paniping pagsusuri (citation analysis) ukol kay Gaspar. Gamit ang citation generator ng Google Scholar, sisiyasatin ng mananaliksik ang padron ng mga sumusunod na aspekto: bilang ng pagsipi, mga akdang sinisipi, mga ideyang sinisipi, mga may-akdang sumisipi, mga paksang pinagsisipian, paraan ng pagkakasipi, at mga larangang pinagsisipian. Bilang isang kasong pag-aaral, layon ng pag-aaral na magsilbing isang imbitasyon sa iba pang mananaliksik na ireplika ang metodo nito, at magsagawa rin ng paniping pagsusuri sa marami pang teolohikong luminaryo ng bansa tulad nina Catalino Arevalo, Edicio de la Torre, Vitaliano Gorospe, Jose de Mesa, Melba Padilla Maggay, Leonardo Mercado, Dionisio Miranda, at marami pang iba. Sa pamamagitan nito, mas maimamapa natin ang kasaysayang kapantasan ng Teolohiyang Pilipino.
Wika sa Kasaysayan at Kultura ng Pananampalataya sa Pilipinas
Batay sa kasaysayan at karanasan bilang mga Filipino, masasabi na malaki ang kinalaman ng paggamit ng wikang kinagisnan upang maunawaan nang lubos ang pananampalataya at ang lahat ng nakapaloob dito. Ang iba’t ibang porma ng wika: berbal, di berbal, at wika ng katahimihan ang nagsisilbing pundasyon upang ganap na maipahayag ang Diyos na pinapaniwalaan, maging saksi ng mga turo ng Simbahan, at makapamuhay nang may katuturan at katapatan sa mga aral na tinanggap at isinapuso. Sa sulating ito, ginamit ang talaban ng wika at kultura sa pagbabalik-tanaw sa apat na yugto ng kasaysayan ng Pananampalatayang Kristiyano sa Pilipinas: (1) pagdating ng Kristiyanismo sa Pilipinas bago ang 1900, (2) panahon ng Unang Konsilyo Vaticano noong 1900-1961, (3) panahon ng Ikalawang Konsilyo Vaticano noong1962-1999, at (4) kasalukuyang panahon, taong Jubileo hanggang panahon ng Sinodo 2020-2024. Ipinakita sa bawat panahong nabanggit ang mahalagang papel ng wika sa pagpapalaganap ng pananampalatayang Kristiyano sa ating sambayanan. Siniyasat sa papel na ito ang hamon sa pagpapalaganap ng Mabuting Balita ayon sa wika, kultura at karanasan ng mga mananampalataya, gayundin ang mga paraan ng pagsasabuhay nito. Napakahalaga na maipahayag ang Salita ng Diyos at pananampalataya sa sariling wika na madaling maunawaan at maisapuso ng mga tagapakinig, upang magamit ito nang lubusan sa potensyal nito. Kapuwa binigyang-diin sa akdang ito ang wikang binibigkas at wika ng pananalig upang mapalalim ang pananampalataya ng isang Filipino. Sa puso ng mambabasa ay maiiwan ang pagkamangha na malayo na ang narating ng paggamit ng wika sa larangan ng ating pananampalataya at pagsamba.
Mga Pananaw ng mga Deboto ng Itim na Nazareno at ang Pagtingin ni Edward Schillebeeckx tungkol sa Pagdurusa ng Tao
Sa ilang lokal na pananaliksik, ipinapakita ng debosyon sa Itim na Nazareno ang pagkakakilanlan ng mga deboto sa paghihirap ni Hesus. Una nang sinuri sa mga nakaraang pag-aaral ang mga pagninilay ukol sa liturhiya at kultura sa debosyon ng Itim na Nazareno. Gayunpaman, ang kasalukuyang pag-aaral ay nakatuon sa pamamagitan ng pagsasanay sa teolohikal na pagtingin ng pagdurusa mula sa kanilang karanasan sa Itim na Nazareno. Sa ganitong bahagi, nag-aalok si Edward Schillebeeckx ng ilang kaugnay na mga teolohikal na ideya hinggil sa kahalagahan ng pagdurusa nang may pananampalataya. Samakatuwid, nais ng papel na ito na mas lalimin ang kamangha-manghang pagpapahalaga ng mga deboto sa pagdurusa ng tao sa pamamagitan ng pagtatanong sa kanilang mga pananaw sa pagdurusa una, sa taon ng kanilang pananampalataya bilang mga deboto at, pangalawa, sa teolohiya ni Edward Schillebeeckx tungkol sa pagdurusa ng tao. Ang deskriptibong kwalitatibong survey na ito ay magkakaroon ng mga malalim na panayam sa na deboto ng klasipikado sa haba ng taon bilang deboto: Cluster A (1–5 taon), Cluster B (6–10 taon), at Cluster C (11 taon o higit pa) upang suriin ang pagpapahalaga ng deboto sa pagdurusa ng tao. Ang kanilang mga pananaw ay maging paksa ng content analysis at sa huli ay iaalok sa pamamagitan ng teolohikal na balangkas ni Schillebeeckx. Ang analisis ay higit pa sa pagdurusa ng tao bagkus sa pakikibahagi sa kaharian ng Diyos.
Between Progress and Faith: Religious Education, Theology and the Retrieval of Person
The glorification of scientism, individualism, and collectivism affected the eidos of religious education as it dissociates the meaning of good from truth, the dualistic but isolated anthropology that isolates the body from the soul, and the subverting of transcendence into appearances. In effect, reasonability has died because of too much rationalization that have led to the demonization of the religious and the Divine. But, education of the person must be holistic This leads to the question: how can religious education stand as a beacon towards the recovery of reason and dignity of the person? In this research, I argue that religious education has a crucial role in the progression of reason and the defense of the human person amidst the tension between progressive ideologies in the form of diversity, inclusivity, and equality and traditional values. This is true, even if one is a believer, non-believer, or a “nonvert”. In this research, I will present the overarching significance of religious education through its effects on reasonability, rationality, and personality in the overall goal of education: to know the truth and fulfill it.
The Role of Inter-faith Understanding in Catechetical Ministry: Lessons from Silsilah’s Madaris-Gurus and Catechists Formation Program
This paper investigates the influence of Silsilah’s Madaris-Gurus and Catechists Formation Program on the formation of Roman Catholic Catechists in Zamboanga City, Basilan, and Jolo. The research addresses the existing gap in the literature regarding the practical impact of interactions with Islamic faith teachers (Madaris-Gurus) on catechetical practices in the said ecclesiastical area within Mindanao. The content analysis of proceedings and reflection papers from 2008 to 2019, coupled with qualitative interviews with two catechists from each area, will offer insights into changes in catechetical content, pedagogical strategies, and pastoral approaches. Respondents include catechists who participated in the formation programs in the specified regions during the mentioned period. This study is significant for providing a practical understanding of the interfaith influence on Catechetical Ministry in diverse religious environments.
Beyond Dialogue: Exploring Collaborative Strategies for Spiritual Development in the Synodal Context
This research analyzes the effectiveness of the Synodal Consultation Program, which is designed to promote the spiritual growth of young learners in the Center for Religious Education. The program emphasizes collaboration, communication, and attentive listening through small-group discussions and faculty mentoring, all of which are aimed at helping young people find personal meaning and purpose within their faith. The study is significant because it investigates how young people themselves perceive and evaluate their spiritual growth, which is an area that has been largely ignored in previous research. It also addresses the unique challenges that young people face when trying to navigate their faith in the face of contemporary pressures toward secularization. To gather feedback from students, the study used a mixed-methods approach that combined surveys and focus groups. Qualitative interviews with participants and facilitators are recommended for future research to provide a deeper context and understanding of the program's long-term impact on individual experiences. This study provides a valuable framework for educators and researchers to assess and support spiritual development in young people amidst a changing social and religious landscape.
What is the New Normal for Religious Education? Understanding Learning, Learners, and their Ideas about Religion and Spirituality in a Post-Pandemic World
The religious education program of any Catholic school has often been referred to as the heart of the institution. However, for teachers and students, this often remains an aspirational statement rather than a concrete goal, much more a reality. Many factors contribute to this lack of focus and action, many outside religious educators' purview and control. However, religious educators are responsible for ensuring that the content and manner of teaching are relevant and relatable. Updating the curriculum is a critical step in ensuring the centrality of religious education in a school. This descriptive qualitative study aims to review literature related to (a) the ways by which our students learn, (b) the personal issues they hold, and (c) their views on religion and spirituality. The result of the study will be a set of fundamental assumptions (or a conceptual framework) that will be used to review and revise the entry-level college course in Lasallian Spirituality in De La Salle Lipa. These assumptions can be used to review and revise the remaining three religious education college courses. The findings can also be used to evaluate the religious education curriculum of the basic education unit of De La Salle Lipa.
Video App’s Usability as a Learning Tool to Empower the Creative Potential of Selected Junior High School (JHS) Learners of the Benilde Deaf School
Studies on how Religious Education in the Philippines responds to inclusive education (IE) challenges, particularly for learners with special educational needs (SEN), are in continuous argumentation and reveal an ongoing discernment process. This paper contributes to the development of Disability Studies/Disability Theology; it outlines the critical components of disability models, historical and modern ways to define disability, and the primary viewpoints of the academic disciplines of disability studies and disability theology. The study seeks to answer how disability as a human limit can empower one’s unique abilities. The study observes, assists, and evaluates the creative potential of selected BDS JHS DHH learners in their Christian Living Class through the usability of video production and editing applications. The research employs a qualitative method using a Case Study of 10 selected BDS JHS DHH. As participants in the creative potential assessment process, the CL Teachers, Guardians, Social Workers, and Counselors will assess the videos and the observable criteria of the creative potential of the DHH learners. DHHs’ unique perspective on the world stimulates new ideas in various industries, such as technology, the arts, and communication. They can create tools, apps, or technology to support auditory rehabilitation or communication and enhance quality of life. The empowerment of BDS JHS DHH learners affirms the Church's richness and the incarnation of God's love and care for the marginalized.
Exploring Religious Transformation and Educational Opportunities in Carceral Spaces: A Phenomenological Study of Helen Prejean’s Dead Man Walking
The study aims to provide a thorough examination of how the movie "Dead Man Walking" portrays religious transformation and educational opportunities to fully comprehend the complex issues regarding embodied religion and redemption within carceral spaces. Dead Man Walking is based on a true story of Sister Helen Prejean as she visits a death row inmate. Her interaction with the inmate would be a helpful basis for a significant study that exemplifies transformative process inside the correction facility. The themes drawn from the narrative will be used to navigate and offer insights on the complexity of moral understanding and possibility of moral and spiritual development in carceral areas. Drawing upon John Hick’s ethical framework as a guiding lens, the research endeavors to explore the complex relationships that exist between spirituality, moral growth, and the need for redemption among Person Deprived of Liberty. Hick’s philosophy clearly emphasizes the value of intellectual and spiritual development in reaching one's full potential and obtaining a feeling of dignity. For Hick, learning is a transformative process that goes beyond mere acquisition of knowledge. Hence, genuine education entails the growth of a person's moral principles, spiritual awareness, and mental abilities. The study also intends to provide a fuller understanding of how religion, ethics, and incarceration overlap and influence people's experiences with the criminal justice system. Such analysis on the portrayal of religion, atonement, and educational opportunities is expected to provide relevant contribution not only in management of carceral spaces but also in the aspect of human development.
Using Brunner’s Steps of Learning as an Integral Approach to Religious Education
After 500 years of Christianity in the Philippines, even though our faith remains strong and enduring, one basic description we have is that many if not most Filipinos are sacramentalised not evangelised. The overall objective of the New Evangelization, is for our renewal to be an encounter with Christ, a faith rooted in Scriptures well understood and deepened, and to be shared for others. The Church, in coming up with the Directory of Catechesis (2020) and the New National Catechetical Directory for the Philippines (2007) have set certain principles to help the Catechist discern the best methods of communicating the faith to the people in this context. Can the educational theory of Jerome Bruner’s Steps of Learning and Spiral Curriculum be a good method for teaching Religious Education, faithful to the principles of Catholic Pedagogy enumerated by Church authority? By reviewing and applying the Learning steps of Bruner which begin with experience, followed by image, and then language, I hope to illustrate how it fulfils the new evangelization, in encountering or experiencing God first in a personal level, realising His values and actions, then finding meaning in the expressions of liturgy and the laws of the Church. The Religious Educator is aided in explaining complex truths, for like wisdom, the Spiral Curriculum emphasises understanding first what are the essential truths, and then applying these truths in a more complicated or practical level.
Edward Schillebeeckx’s Concept of Truth and Praxis of Dialogue: Some Considerations for Religious Education Today
The great Dominican theologian Edward Schillebeeckx (1968) acknowledges that while absolute truth exists, the perspectives in approaching this truth continuously change (Schillebeeckx, 1968). Recent developments in various disciplines make people realize the multi-dimensional nature of truth. There is the truth of practical daily living, the truth of modern positive sciences, the truth aspired in philosophy, and the truth embraced in religion (Schillebeeckx, 1968). These truths are confined and rooted in their respective contexts/world. The recognition of the multi-dimensionality of truth leads to dialogue. Schillebeeckx said that maintaining an open and receptive attitude in affirming the truth to what others consider as true is a condition for attaining the highest possible unanimity (Schillebeeckx, 1968). This principle is evident in the Church's effort to transition from being a “Church of monologue” to a “Church of dialogue,” from being a “teaching Church” to a “learning other,” to mutual sincere listening and mutual contributions (Schillebeeckx, 1986). Aside from dialogue with other faith traditions, the Church also commits to dialogue with the world, receiving and listening to what is offered by the world as a “foreign prophesy” and recognizing therein the well-known voice of the Lord (Schillebeeckx, 1986). This paper will explore how Schillebeeckx’s reflections on truth and dialogue can help us better understand the question of truth and the challenges of dialogue today, elements that stand at the heart of religious education aimed at teaching the truth and bearing witness to the truth. Furthermore, the researcher would like also to look into what insights religious educators can glean from Schilleebeeckx’s theological musings on truth and dialogue in our praxis of religious education amidst this age of pluralism and the Church’s call to traverse the path of synodality.
The Role of Religious Educators in Awakening the Environmental Consciousness among the Generation Alpha
Religious Education (RE) is one of the avenues through which environmental or ecological consciousness can be transmitted to people, particularly the youth (Nyamekye, 2019). The current generation of children who began being born in the year 2010, the Generation Alpha (Jha,2020), are the next cohort of university students to which Religious Educators must instill responsible stewardship over creation. This paper posits that Religious educators’ role in influencing the Generation Alpha to become responsible stewards is challenged with the generation gap between them. The ubiquitous access to information through the internet and mobile devices makes Generation Alpha more informed and connected to global issues, including climate change and environmental degradation. Their deep digital engagement fosters a heightened awareness and understanding of sustainability challenges (Thomas, 2024). This paper explores the ways that RE can respond to awakening environmental consciousness for Generation Alpha users through a review of selected faith based environmental groups in the Philippines. Specifically, the review will highlight the selected faith-based groups contribution to faith formation outside the classroom.