Nine Grains of Rice and the Messianic Society: A Religio-Cultural Analysis of Karen Rice–Merit Networks in Northern Thailand

Submitted: November 11, 2025 | Published: December 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.63130/hijcre.v2i2.219

Authors

  • Michael Bistis, SCJ Faculty of Humanities, Saengtham College, Thailand & Graduate School of Human Sciences, Assumption University of Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2243-6612

Keywords:

Karen rice-merit networks, Messianic society, nine grains of rice, religio-cultural identity, theology of rice

Abstract

This study examines how the Karen Rice–Merit Networks (RMNs) in Northern Thailand express a lived religio-cultural solidarity grounded in the indigenous philosophy of the Nine Grains of Rice. Rooted in the Theology of Rice, this worldview sacralizes agriculture by linking rice’s life cycle to Christ’s Paschal Mystery. Using a qualitative design, the research draws on semi-structured interviews with 10 Karen priests, 2 organic intellectuals, and 3 RMN coordinators, supported by textual analysis of Church documents, participant observation of RMN’s zonal meeting, and diocesan records. Findings reveal that the RMNs embody three interrelated dimensions: (1) self and family welfare, fostering food security and moral formation; (2) community welfare, promoting mutual aid and social justice; and (3) spiritual welfare, integrating Eucharistic symbolism with Karen identity. These practices sustain a counter-capitalist ethos rooted in reciprocity and sufficiency. The study concludes that the Nine Grains of Rice provides a religio-cultural developmental model for constructing a Messianic Society, and it recommends deeper youth engagement, ecological formation, and contextual catechesis to ensure the continuity of the missiological economy of grace.

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Published

12/31/2025

How to Cite

Nine Grains of Rice and the Messianic Society: A Religio-Cultural Analysis of Karen Rice–Merit Networks in Northern Thailand. (2025). Hitik: International Journal of Catechists and Religious Educators, 2(2), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.63130/hijcre.v2i2.219