From Gossip to Grace: Understanding Marites Culture through Catholic Doctrine and the Formation of Ethical Speech

Authors

Keywords:

Catholic Church, Digital Communication, Gossip, Intercessory Prayer, Marites Culture

Abstract

Marites culture, a contemporary expression of gossip in Filipino society, has become increasingly visible within offline and digital Catholic communities. This study examines how gossip operates in these relational settings and explores its moral and pastoral implications for the Catholic Church. Drawing on synthesized literature on gossip, Filipino cultural values, social networks, and Catholic moral teaching, the study highlights both perceived benefits such as bonding and shared awareness and harms, including mistrust, anxiety, and weakened communal harmony. These patterns reveal a moral tension consistent with the Eighth Commandment’s call to truthfulness, necessity, and charity. The study further evaluates intercessory prayer and charitable speech commitments as formative practices capable of transforming harmful communication, enabling Catholic communities to move “from gossip to grace” in everyday interactions.

About the Author/s

Jonald De Leon

Dr. Jonald C. De Leon is an Associate Professor II at Holy Angel University in Angeles City, Philippines, where he is a member of the Christian Living Education Department (CLE) under the Institute for Christian Formation and Social Integration (ICFSI). Dr. de Leon furthered his expertise by earning Master of Arts in Religious Education and a PhD in Educational Management from Holy Angel University, after acquiring a strong foundation in philosophy from Mother of Good Counsel Seminary in San Fernando, Pampanga. He is deeply passionate about theology, religion, and environmental education, and he engages college students through dynamic theology courses, fostering profound insights that shape minds and hearts.

References

[1] Aguas, J. J. (2016). The Filipino Value of Pakikipagkapwa-Tao Vis-À-Vis Gabriel Marcel’s Notion of Creative Fidelity and Disponibilitè. Scientia - The International Journal on the Liberal Arts, 5(2). Retrieved from https://scientia-sanbeda.org/index.php/scientia/article/view/61

[2] American College of Cardiology. (2006). Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer (STEP): Trial summary. https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Clinical-Trials/2010/02/23/19/21/STEP

[3] Benson, H., Dusek, J. A., Sherwood, J. B., Lam, P., Bethea, C. F., Carpenter, W., Levitsky, S., Hill, P. C., Clem, D. W., Jain, M. K., Drumel, D., Kopecky, S. L., Mueller, P. S., Marek, D., Rollins, S., & Hibberd, P. L. (2006). Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer (STEP) in cardiac bypass patients: A multicenter randomized trial of uncertainty and certainty of receiving intercessory prayer. American Heart Journal, 151(4), 934–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.05.028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.05.028

[4] Catechism of the Catholic Church. (n.d.). Part Three, Article 8: Offenses against truth (¶¶2475–2479). Vatican Publishing. https://www.vatican.va/content/catechism/en/part_three/section_two/chapter_two/article_8/iii_offenses_against_truth.html

[5] CBCP (Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines). (2017). Consecrate them in the truth: A pastoral exhortation against fake news. https://cbcpnews.net/cbcpnews/consecrate-them-in-the-truth/

[6] CBCP (Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines). (2022). “The truth will set you free” (John 8:32): Pastoral letter. https://cbcpnews.net/cbcpnews/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/CBCP-Pastoral-Letter-The-Truth-Will-Set-You-Free-final.pdf

[7] CBCP Online. (2026). List of pastoral statements (incl. “Fasting beyond food: Inviting Christ into digital media use”). https://cbcpnews.net/cbcpnews/fasting-beyond-food-inviting-christ-into-digital-media-use/

[8] Cheng, B., Dong, Y., Zhang, Z., Shaalan, A., Guo, G., & Peng, Y. (2020). When Targets Strike Back: How Negative Workplace Gossip Triggers Political Acts by Employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 175(2), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04648-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04648-5

[9] Cuadra, J. M. (2023). Marites culture in the Philippines: An emergent online gossip phenomenon. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 22, Article 18. https://www.scienta.asia/index.php/jsss/article/view/2188

[10] Dores Cruz, T. D., Beersma, B., Dijkstra, M. T. M., & Bechtoldt, M. N. (2019). The Bright and Dark Side of Gossip for Cooperation in Groups. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01374

[11] Dores Cruz, T. D., Nieper, A. S., Testori, M., Martinescu, E., & Beersma, B. (2021a). An Integrative Definition and Framework to Study Gossip. Group & Organization Management, 46(2), 252–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601121992887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601121992887

[12] Dores Cruz, T. D., Thielmann, I., Columbus, S., Molho, C., Wu, J., Righetti, F., de Vries, R. E., Koutsoumpis, A., van Lange, P. A. M., Beersma, B., & Balliet, D. (2021b). Gossip and reputation in everyday life. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 376(1838). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0301

[13] Dunbar, R. I. M. (2004). Gossip in Evolutionary Perspective. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100

[14] Ellwardt, L., Labianca, G., & Wittek, R. (2012). Who are the objects of positive and negative gossip at work? Social Networks, 34(2), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2011.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2011.11.003

[15] Feinberg, M., Willer, R., & Schultz, M. (2014). Gossip and Ostracism Promote Cooperation in Groups. Psychological Science, 25(3), 656–664. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613510184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613510184

[16] Feinberg, M., Willer, R., Stellar, J., & Keltner, D. (2012). The virtues of gossip: Reputational information sharing as prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 1015–1030. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026650

[17] Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on Gossip: Taxonomy, Methods, and Future Directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78–99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.78 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.78

[18] Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V., & Labianca, G. (2010). A Social Network Analysis of Positive and Negative Gossip in Organizational Life. Group & Organization Management, 35(2), 177–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601109360391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601109360391

[19] Sabillo, K.A. (2017). CBCP: Catholic faith “obliges” people to refute fake news. Inquirer.net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/907934/cbcp-catholic-faith-obliges-people-to-refute-fake-news

[20] Kobayashi, V., Lavides, M. M., Tiangco, C., Panlilio, P., De Leon, R., & Carreon, A. (2024).Understanding pakikipagkapwa through analytics: Exploring Filipino relational communication in online spaces (UP CIDS Discussion Paper Series No. 24-011). University of the Philippines Center for Integrative and Development Studies. https://cids.up.edu.ph/download/understanding-pakikipagkapwa-through-analytics/

[21] Koenig, H. G. (2009). Research on Religion, Spirituality, and Mental Health: A Review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400502

[22] Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, Spirituality, and Health: the Research and Clinical Implications. ISRN Psychiatry, 2012(278730), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730

[23] Lee, J., Kralik, J. D., Kwon, J., & Jeong, J. (2022). Summary of main motives to gossip (dataset). PLOS Figshare. https://plos.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Summary_of_main_motives_to_gossip_from_literature_/20243178

[24] Lynch, F. (1962). Philippine Values II: Social Acceptance. Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.13185/2244-1638.2792 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13185/2244-1638.2792

[25] Martinescu, E., Jansen, W., & Beersma, B. (2021). Negative Gossip Decreases Targets’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Decreasing Social Inclusion. A Multi-Method Approach. Group & Organization Management, 46(3), 105960112098687. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601120986876 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601120986876

[26] Masters, K. S., Spielmans, G. I., & Goodson, J. T. (2006). Are there demonstrable effects of distant intercessory prayer? A meta-analytic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm3201_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm3201_3

[27] Pe-Pua, R., & Protacio-Marcelino, E. (2000). Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology): A legacy of Virgilio G. Enriquez. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 3(1), 49–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839x.00054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00054

[28] Pontifical Council for Social Communications. (2002a). Ethics in Internet. https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/pccs/documents/rc_pc_pccs_doc_20020228_ethics-internet_en.html

[29] Pontifical Council for Social Communications. (2002b). The Church and Internet. https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/pccs/documents/rc_pc_pccs_doc_20020228_church-internet_en.html

[30] Rappler. (2017). CBCP says Catholics obliged to stop fake news. https://www.rappler.com/nation/cbcp-catholics-obliged-stop-fake-news/

[31] Salanga, M. G., & Yabut, G. D. (2017). Ang Pangkaraniwang Pagpapakahulugan at Behavioral na Manipestasyon ng Pakikisama. DIWA: Refereed E Journal ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino. https://www.pssp.org.ph/diwa/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/5-Artikulo-Salanga-Yabut.pdf

[32] ScienceDaily. (2014). Gossip, ostracism may have hidden group benefits. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140127193852.htm

[33] Solis, C. U. (2023). Pakikipagkapwa–Tao and Bayanihan Spirit in Community Pantries: Paul Ricoeur on Filipinos as Responsible Human Beings. Religion and Social Communication, 21(1). https://asianresearchcenter.org/blog/articles/pakikipagkapwa-tao-and-bayanihan-spirit-in-community-pantries-paul-ricoeur-on-filipinos-as-responsible-human-beings

[34] Stanford Graduate School of Business. (2014). Gossip and ostracism promote cooperation in groups. https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/gossip-ostracism-promote-cooperation-groups

[35] United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. (n.d.). Catechism of the Catholic Church (flipbook edition). https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/598/

[36] Wax, A., Rodriguez, W. A., & Asencio, R. (2022). Spilling tea at the water cooler: A meta-analysis of workplace gossip. Organizational Psychology Review, 12(4), 453–506. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221112383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221112383

[37] Zong, B., Martinescu, E., Beersma, B., Xu, S., & Zhang, L. (2024). How multi-source gossip affects targets’ emotions and strategic behavioral responses. Journal of Business Ethics, 189(2), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05322-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05322-8

Downloads

Download PDF

Views: 0
PDF Downloads: 0

PlumX Metrics

Citations

Cited by:
View on Crossref

Published

06/30/2026

How to Cite

De Leon, J. (2026). From Gossip to Grace: Understanding Marites Culture through Catholic Doctrine and the Formation of Ethical Speech. Hitik: International Journal of Catechists and Religious Educators, 3(1), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.63130/hijcre.v3i1.230

Most read articles by the same author(s)